Childhood Emotional Maltreatment Causes Troubled Romantic Relationships, Studies Suggest

      People who experience Childhood Emotional Maltreatment (CEM) are more likely to have troubled romantic relationships in adult years, according to Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU) researchers.

     In two separate studies, doctoral candidate Dana Lassri and Prof. Golan Shahar of BGU's Department of Psychology examined the stability and satisfaction of intimate relationships among college students with a history of CEM. The studies, published in the Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, suggest that emotional abuse as a child impacted relationship fulfillment due to self-criticism. Participants had an extremely strong tendency to bash themselves, and this interfered with their relationship satisfaction.

     The studies also revealed that some participants had symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (P.T.S.D.) due to the emotional abuse they endured. This could be the result of internalizing behaviors caused by the maltreatment or by a child's inability to properly comprehend their circumstances.

     Childhood Maltreatment (CM) includes sexual and physical abuse, emotional maltreatment and neglect, and is a significant contributor to the dramatic increase in referrals to university counseling centers. CM also foments self-criticism causing a deleterious effect on romantic relationships.

     "Over time, this tendency might be consolidated, becoming a defining part of a person's personality, and ultimately derailing relationships in general and romantic relationships in particular," explains Ms. Lassri, whose doctoral dissertation, supervised by Prof. Shahar, served as the basis for the study.

     Lassri believes that even though these findings were gathered from college-age individuals, the behaviors could potentially worsen throughout adulthood.

The research was supported by The Israel Foundations Trustees (Doctoral Grant No.29).

American Associates, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. "Childhood emotional maltreatment causes troubled romantic relationships, studies suggest." ScienceDaily, 3 May 2012. Web. 29 May 2012.

Reasons for fatty deposits in hearts of diabetics explained by new study

     Scientists in Austria have revealed that problems with the metabolism of people with diabetes that results in fatty deposits in the cells of the heart is due to a combination of high blood sugar levels and high levels of insulin and not from a direct influx of fats.

     The study, which was reported in the journal Diabetes, showed that it was this combination rather than the influx of fats as previously believed was causing the fatty deposits to occur, often within a few hours. It is hoped the investigation will lead to improved treatments for diabetics that take into account potential problems in the heart muscles.

     With the aid of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy, the research involved 18 healthy adults who received a large amount of grape sugar intravenously. Michael Krebs, the director of the study, said "Within as few as six hours, the glucosealready caused clearly visible fatty deposits in the heart. The injection of grape sugar, in combination with the release of insulin caused by the sugar, resulted in an overexertion of the heart’s metabolism.

     Krebs added "The first diagnosis usually occurs by accident and on average five years too late. Our data show that the foundation for damage can be laid early on, especially in patients with high blood sugar and hyperinsulinemia – an elevated insulin level – during prediabetes and early diabetes."

Tomado de diabetes.co.uk

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‘Modest’ effect of botox injections on migraine prevention

    Botox injections show ‘small to modest' benefits in preventing migraine and headache, say US researchers.

     The meta-analysis included 315 randomised controlled trials that evaluated the effect of botulinum toxin A injections on the reduction in frequency or severity of headaches.

     Compared with placebo, botox injections were associated with a reduction of 2.06 headaches per month for patients with chronic daily headaches and 2.30 per month for those with chronic migraine. No differences were seen with episodic migraine or chronic tension-type headaches.

     Compared with topiramate and amitriptyline for prophylaxis against chronic migraine headaches, botox injections were not associated with a significant reduction in headache frequency. Topiramate was effective in reducing 1.4 headaches per month, while amitriptyline reduced frequency by 2.1 per month.

     When compared with valproate in patients with chronic and episodic migraines, there was no association in reduction of headache frequency with botox injections.

     Study lead Dr Jeffrey Jackson, of the Medical College of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, said botox injections had only a ‘small to modest' effect' compared with placebo.

     He said: ‘The beneficial association of botulinum toxin A in prophylaxis of headaches appears limited to patients with chronic migraine headaches and the absolute reduction in the number of headaches per month is only two to three days a month.'

JAMA 2012; 307: 1736-1745

Tomado de pulsetoday.co.uk

Rising HbA1c levels ‘predict diabetes’

HbA1c levels rise rapidly in the year before a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, say Japanese researchers.Their study looked at 1,722 individuals aged 26–80 years without diabetes and measured fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c were measured annually for a mean of 9.5 years.

A diagnosis of diabetes was given to 193 people, who had a mean HbA1c level of over 38mmol/mol (5.6%) each year before diagnosis.

Average blood glucose and HbA1c values throughout the observational period were significantly higher in incident cases compared with non-cases, with differences of 1.02 mmol/L and 18 mmol/mol (0.471%) higher, respectively.

In the entire group, marked increases in HbA1c of 20 mmol/mol (0.3%) per year and fasting plasma glucose of 0.63 mmol/L/year predicted a diagnosis of diabetes.

Professor Hirohito Sone, diabetologist at the University of Tsukuba Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tsukuba, Japan, said their findings showed the value of screening regularly in those at risk of diabetes.

He said: ‘To confirm our findings, further investigations are needed that include participants of other ethnicities.'

Diabetes Care 2012, online 28 March 2012

http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2012/03/26/dc11-1793

Tomado de Pulsetoday.com.uk